http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/articlerss.php?type=2&category=123Health & Medical RSS Feeden-us http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/10-uses-for-clip-art-articleid278808.htm pClip art is used in many different ways, including newsletters, websites and flyers. Commonly found on a CD collection, clip art is often distributed by the hundreds or even thousands. These small images are more than capable of making a big sta http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/3d-tattoos-available-soon-says-futurist-articleid225294.htm pA futurist recently stated in an online think tank that he believed that genetic 3D tattoos maybe possible within the next couple of decades. He went onto predict that the use of cell expression, cell coating and genetic modification using the lat http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/5-hot-tattoo-styles-articleid167748.htm PBody art and tattoos have become so popular now that people who would have ran the other way are exposing their skin to the tattooists needle. It is not uncommon to get a glimpse of some office worker in the boardroom sporting a sexy rose tattoo o http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/anchor-tattoos-sailors-and-early-christian-history-what-do-they-all-have-in-common--articleid206514.htm pThis is most definitely an interesting mix of history, symbolism and best of all tattoos. Tattoos picturing symbolic ship anchors have been a huge part of tattooing in the western world for over two centuries. You have probably seen these tattoo http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/caring-for-tattoos-articleid58961.htm pBefore You Get a Tattoo/ppMake sure the tattoo parlor is clean and safe. Remember, the artist is going to be sticking needles into your skin, so be picky about the tattoo parlor you choose./ppThe artist should use a brand new, sterile need http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/celtic-tattoos-and-their-popularity-articleid58957.htm pThe history of the Celtic peoples goes back thousands of years. The early Celts displayed their skills in complex artwork particularly metal, jewelry and weapons as they were regarded as fierce warriors by the Romans. Evidence of celtic crossses a http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/chinese-tattoos--meaning-of-chinese-dragon-tattoos-articleid112843.htm pChinese Tattoos have always been hugely popular. At one stage they were the realm of criminals and the mafia. Now it seems even Hollywood celebrities seem to have caught on to the mystery and allure of the Far East. While it is undeniable that cla http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/choose-the-right-tattoo-artist-articleid119646.htm pHow to choose an tattoo artist? here are a few suggestions you should consider./ppNeedless to say, finding the right tattoist to do your tattoo work is very important to a successful piece of body art. Remember, this is the only body you have http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/choose-the-right-tattoo-design-articleid119648.htm pConsiderations you should keep in mind when choose your tattoo style./ppPossibly the best source of inspiration when looking for a tattoo is tattoo magazines, they often contain full-color photos of truly first-class tattoos. Look for designs http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/choosing-your-new-tattoo-articleid221837.htm pConsidering that for most people a tattoo is something that will stay with them for life, many put surprisingly little thought into it. Modern inks and techniques mean that tattoo art is limited only by your imagination within a few small boundari http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/cool-tattoos-articleid58962.htm pPractitioners admit it hurts like hell and speech is initially difficult, but claim that the surprise factor of sticking out their tongues at unwary persons is worth the effort./ppFor those seeking out cool tattoos getting the tongue tattooed http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/cute-tattoo-designs-for-women-and-where-to-get-the-best-ones.-articleid116641.htm pThe whole field of tattoos for women is growing at a tremendous rate. If you think back even 20 years ago tattoos for women were not all that popular and most of the women getting them were keeping them covered up. However times have definitely http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/dolphin-tattoos-what-is-the-symbolism-behind-them-articleid119203.htm pDolphin tattoos are among some of the most popular tattoos currently being designed and inked. This article looks at some of the potential symbolism behind a dolphin tattoo and why they might be so popular. It then describes some tattoo ideas for http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/don-t-pay-for-a-tattoo-that-millions-of-people-have--get-a-unique-custom-tattoo-design-articleid115479.htm pRecently it was reported that tattoo related terms received more searches per month then most adult related keywords. This has spawned a huge growth of websites selling flash tattoo designs. You can go and visit these sites and for $10 or so fin http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/extreme-body-modification-articleid232277.htm pI have been keeping as busy as I can to do not have to write this article../ppIm not a huge fan of scarification; even so I will try to keep it as neutral as I can./ppYou can basically divide the scarification process in 2:/pp1) Bra http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/extreme-body-modification-implants-articleid232289.htm pImplants:/ppthe reason that I choose to start talking about implants is very simple, in my point of view they are the beginners in EBM, or using a better choice of words, they are the least invasive of the 3 base techniques. I found so many t http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/female-tattoos--because-its-worth-it--articleid125575.htm pStereotypes and the stigma associated with tattoos prevented women from feeling confident with a tattoo up until even a decade ago. A common belief was that only criminals, whores and homosexuals got tattoos is being challenged. This is further http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/female-tattoos--what-women-want--articleid103945.htm pWomen are increasingly opting for large tattoos. New school hearts, stars, roses and tribal tattoo designs on the lower back are increasingly being asked for by females. Women are definitely becoming more experimental in the shapes and sizes of http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/free-tattoo-designs-are-they-really-worth-it--articleid231366.htm pWe all on the constant look out for good deals and any type of money savings that we can find. This has lead many people to endless search the Internet for free tattoo designs. On the surface one might think why not? It sounds like a good idea. http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/free-tattoo-flash-designs--why-you-should-avoid-them--articleid112839.htm P align=centerEMGood tattoos are not cheap...cheap tattoos are not good!/EM/PPFlash tattoos are cheap, but still hugely popular among many people getting tattoos for the first time. They are most likely to be low-quality and poorly drawn. http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/genetic-tattoo-articleid197735.htm pCurrently people get a tattoo, which is cut into their skin and then perhaps colored in. Body Art is a way to self-express ones self and there is probably no better way to make a statement about your individuality than with a personalized tattoo. http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/genetic-tattoos-of-the-future-articleid225293.htm pIn the future there will be genetic tattoos which will prevent infection and stay crisp longer, use natural colors of nature and even be 3D in depiction. This is pretty high tech stuff, but you can expect it to come into existence within a couple http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/get-yourself-marked--get-tattooed--articleid225459.htm pTattooing has been around for centuries. No longer restricted to travelling performers, rough-n-tumble sailors and burly bikers, many in todays hip brigade are heading to the nearest tattoo artist to get themselves marked, as a sign of self-expre http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/hawaiian-arm-tattoo-and-arm-band-tattoos--the-new-tribal-tattoo-articleid117865.htm pOne of the biggest and hottest growing trends in the art of tattoo design is Hawaiian arm or leg band tattoos. As this trend goes a lot of people think to themselves, well of course. At least that is what I said to myself at first. You can hardly http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/hot-koi-fish-tattoos-design-and-ideas--a-revitilization-of-a-traditional-japanese-design-articleid172008.htm pKoi fish tattoos are quickly growing in popularity. In fact many traditional Japanese tattoo designs are coming to life with new vivid tattoo ink colors. This is a rapidly growing movement very similar to the west coast tattoo style. The west c http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/how-to-get-a-tattoo-off-your-body-articleid232282.htm pThere are few ways of getting a tattoo off your skin, but none of them are easy, pleasant or simple./ppFade Away Methods:/ppFade away methods are the newest development in Tattoo Removal. This method normally involves a series of creams/r http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/how-to-get-rid-of-your-new-tattoo-tattoo-removal-techniques-articleid231510.htm pA lot of people love their tattoos and keep them forever. But others decide a couple of years down the road that they really dont like that rose on their ankle or snake on their bicep anymore. Or maybe that name that is tattooed on your arm is no http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/how-to-get-tattooed-articleid157636.htm pSo You want to get tattooed. Great! This can be a rewarding and life-enriching experience... IF done right. Knowing HOW to get tattooed is key to being happy with this decision. I hope in the following paragraphs to help you, as a potential clien http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/hurricanes-and-tattoos-articleid275398.htm pMany people who live through major events in Mother Nature often put tattoos of those events on their skin. This is because the adversity for them must have been extremely great. Many people who are from New York have put tattoos would say; quo http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/if-you-can-t-do-the-time-don-t-get-a-tattoo-articleid276881.htm pMany people have discussed the pros and cons of choosing tattoo art as a means of adorning the human form with both meaningless and meaningful symbols of conformity or rebellion, depending on the message conveyed. There are commonly discussed ris http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/industrial-hemp-articleid225404.htm pThere is a huge following of Industrial Hemp activists and there are many products made from it from personal care products to rope. Of course it does have a bad stigma attached to it due to the drug issue. Yet if we can put that issue, which coul http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/japanese-kanji-tattoos-articleid116642.htm pThinking about getting a Japanese Kanji Tattoo? These are definitely very popular items to get tattoo of. The beauty of the Japanese and Chinese calligraphic style of writing has a definite allure to many people. That coupled with the fact that http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/japanese-kanji-tattoos--meaning-of-kanji-characters-articleid127171.htm pJapanese kanji characters are so expressive and artistic. Basically they are ideographic characters, which means that each Kanji character represents a whole object, idea, or meaning in a visually expressive way. It is a very popular choice among http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/kanjis--mistakes-to-avoid-with-japanese-style-kanji-tattoos--articleid183301.htm pAsian inspired tattoos are increasingly popular in the West. Chinese dragons and Japanese tattoos have been mainstream for years. There seems to be no let up in people getting tattoos in Asian style writing. In the West Kanji tattoos started becom http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/let-tattooing-be-a-personal-fashion-statement-and-a-chance-to-establish-your-individuality-articleid176803.htm pSo youve finally decided to join the counter-culture and get yourself a wicked-looking tat on the likes of Angelina Jolie, Justin Timberlake, Sean Connery, Michael Jordon, or our own Desi handsome hunks, Salman Khan and Sanjay Dutt? Read on!/p http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/looking-for-a-japanese-kanji-tattoo--articleid140906.htm pIt is a good idea to keep in mind before you decide upon a tattoo that kanji as an art is based on a different form of language unlike english in its construction. Be should be sure to spend time researching the authenticity of each symbols meani http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/military-applications-for-tongue-body-piercing-articleid276808.htm pCan the US Military Special Forces use body-piercing strategies to help soldiers do their job better? What about tongue piercing? Indeed that is an interesting thought, but does that make sense? Well believe it or not some are considering this and http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/nautical-star-tattoos-the-history-meaning-and-symbolism-what-a-strange-mix--articleid139688.htm The history, meaning and symbolism of nautical star tattoos is a hotly debated topic. Today many different groups have adopted the Nautical star tattoo as a symbol for their own movement an http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/popular-tattoos-for-men--women-articleid235421.htm pWhen you walk into a tattoo parlor, you are instantly greeted with eye-catching designs filled with color and complexity. Unless you have already decided on a design, it can be very difficult to select one on the spot. Even if you have a selecte http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/potential-risks-of-getting-a-tattoo-articleid281286.htm pThe majority of tattoos are applied without any problem, but there are some that result in a less than desirable outcome. For this reason, the potential risks associated with getting a tattoo cannot be overlooked. Unsanitary equipment is the mai http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/questions-to-ask-a-tattoo-artist-before-getting-a-tattoo-articleid269996.htm pIf you are thinking of getting a tattoo, take the time to talk with your tattoo artist. During the conversation, make sure to have a list of questions that you would like answered prior to moving forward with your decision. Below are a few quest http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/rap-tattoo--the-tattoos-of-rap-artists-and-rap-stars--this-is-a-huge-trend--articleid116644.htm pRap tattoos or rap artist tattoos are very popular. This phenomena has lead to a strange mix of cultures. You everyone is into celebrities, movie stars, signers, and rappers. Even those of us like myself who like to say we are not sometimes get http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/skin-disorder-laser-tattoo-removal-articleid191642.htm pAn estimated half of all 18 to 30 years olds women have at least one tattoo, and this is like, (they said), but what is the problem if later tattoo is done you do not want it any more. The biggest complaint is dissatisfaction and consequently the http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/soul-mate-tattoos-articleid280921.htm pThe word tattoo comes from the Tahitian word tatu, which means, to mark something. It can be considered the ancient version of modern day branding. In some cultures, tattoos were used to symbolize possession, and often a mans name would http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/sources-for-free-tattoo-ideas-and-tattoo-design-ideas-articleid117380.htm pHave you been wanting to get a tattoo but dont have an exact idea or not sure what you want? Tattoos are so popular and there are so many ideas but many of us feel stuck at times on the exact tattoo we want to get. For me I often feel stuck whe http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/swallow-tattoos-nautical-stars-and-cherry-tattoos-are-hot-ideas-for-rockabilly-girls-articleid181883.htm pI have noticed recently that there are tons of Rockabilly girls getting some great tattoo work done. They are getting themes like swallow tattoos, or nautical stars, and even cherries. These are all very classic and great looking tattoo designs. http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoo-pictures--tattoo-designs-for-you--articleid109405.htm pAnyone who is seriously into tattoos will tell you how long it takes to choose the right one. After all they should last a lifetime so are not something to be rushed. It can take up to 20-30 hours to find the right tattoo design. But that is only http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoo-removal-articleid119654.htm pWhen you are unhappy with a poor quality or totally inappropriate tattoo, tattoo can often be removed./ppYou would certainly never want to put yourself into a position where you are faced with the desire or necessity of considering removing yo http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoo-removal-removing-a-tattoo-that-is-no-longer-wanted-articleid274325.htm pGetting rid of a tattoo is often associated with being a painful process. Newer technologies offer various methods of removing an unwanted tattoo including several options also used to remove unwanted hair./ppTwo tattoo removal options that ar http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattooed-to-be-or-not-to-be--articleid206294.htm pOur webmaster wants articles on tattoos. Here is his request to help fill a great void: iTattoos - Articles about tattoos, tattoo removal, and body art as it relates to tattoos and tattoo history./i See, he does look after you./ppWhen sail http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattooes-bodyart-body-painting-self-expression-friend-or-foe-articleid215540.htm pNow personally I dont have a tattoo although I have been thinking of getting one. My wife has a small heart just above her right breast that you normally cant see. I like it there and if you are wanting to get a tattoo, there are many things to http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoos--a-history-articleid265209.htm pThere was always an important role in ritual and tradition for tattoos. Women in Borneo used to tattoo symbols on their forearm indicating their particular skill. If a woman was to wear a symbol showing she was a skilled weaver, her status was t http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoos--finding-the-right-tattoo-articleid243018.htm pWhether you are getting your first tattoo or already have half your body covered with tattoos I am sure you will find some valuable information here. As a tattoo addict and someone who spends most of his waking hours coming up with tattoo ideas I http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoos--which-tattoo-designs-are-most-popular--articleid125564.htm pbWhat are the Most Popular Tattoo Designs?/b/ppbTribal Tattoos/b - Tribal tattoo designs have been around for hundreds of years and are becoming more and more complex and constantly evolving and morphing into what has become known as n http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoos-and-body-art-on-hollywood-celebrities-articleid112842.htm pCelebrity tattoos are becoming more and more visible and socially acceptable in mainstream pop culture these days. Angelina Jolie recently voted most sexy woman has plenty of tattoos and is probably the most famous and desirable celebrity with tat http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoos-and-ego-psychology-articleid267786.htm pSo often people misjudge tattoos and self expression and fail to realize that those folks who like themselves and wish to personalize their own bodies indeed this is not necessarily ego, but a very strong sense of self. Nothing could be more posit http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoos-enter-our-popular-culture-articleid254402.htm pTattoos have become part of our popular culture. The demand for tattoos has grown and today you are more likely to encounter a professional person or a housewife in your local tattoo parlor than a rebel. This acceptance into the mainstream of ou http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoos-hit-prime-time-reality-television-and-become-mainstream.-the-struggle-begins--articleid123221.htm pThere are two brand new reality Television series that will be coming out this summer that have already started a rumble within the tattoo industry./ppYou see for a long time there has been an on going struggle and a hotly contested battle bet http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoos-of-movies-a-good-idea--things-like-star-wars-or-lord-of-the-rings-tattoos--articleid119169.htm pI have noticed recently that there are a few jobs being posted on the web for custom tattoo designs involving movies. In fact I saw one on my site a day or so ago for a custom star wars tattoo design. This was something that the person wanted to http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoos-of-strength-and-honor-or-military-service-articleid267785.htm pMany people believe that tattoos signify an out of the box thinker who is not so interested in mainstream society and all the silly rules and game playing? And for the most part they would be right. Most folks with tattoos really are not into wear http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoos-for-the-love-of-art--articleid224201.htm pHow far are you willing to go for your love of art? Do you have art, designs, emblems, or icons written on your body? If art is your passion, why damage your skin with images you may later regret? To love and embrace art does not mean you need to http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoos-getting-them-maintaining-them-and-removing-them-articleid219661.htm pTattoos are a popular method of personal expression in many countries and cultures around the world. These permanent, often colorful designs are embedded in the top few layers of your skin. Many people get tattoos as a way to symbolize something i http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tattoos-not-just-for-drunken-sailors-articleid121649.htm pTattoos are not new. They have been around longer then recorded history. It just seems I have been noticing them a lot more lately. I dont know if that was because I started to take an interest or there are a lot more people getting them./p http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/temporary-tattoos-a-permanent-solution-articleid261056.htm pThese days, more and more individuals are deciding to permanently leave their mark - on their own skin. If done by a qualified tattoo artist, the risks may be minimal. Unfortunately for many, however, unsanitary equipment or later appearing infe http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/the-meaning-and-symbolism-behind-popular-butterfly-tattoo-designs-articleid206513.htm pButterfly tattoos are among the most popular tattoos today and the most frequently requested tattoo designs especially among women. This shows the major growth of women in the tattoo industry as a whole. Butterfly tattoo designs of course are popu http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/the-meaning-and-symbolism-behind-the-lotus-flower-tattoo-articleid182280.htm pLotus flowers are amazing and have strong symbolic ties to many Asian religions especially throughout India. The lotus flower starts as a small flower down at the bottom of a pond in the mud and muck. It slowly grows up towards the waters surfac http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/the-meanings-of-the-most-popular-tattoo-designs-articleid275775.htm pTattoos have been since ever a sign for some meaning that was linked with it. The meaning of Tattoos can be of spiritual nature but can also be a sign of strength or power, harmony and other qualities. This is a list of the most popular tattoo de http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/the-risks-of-making-a-tattoo-articleid253260.htm pIn the past tattoos were just for a small group of people like tribal groups. But the culture border was broken and in these days even the average Joe can have a tattoo on his back. Yes the young people really dig this./ppThe big stars support http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/the-science-behind-genetic-tattoos-of-the-future-articleid225291.htm pIn the future of course there will be tattoos and there will be the latest cutting edge genetic tattoos in 3D and full color. And will appear to be below the skin, as the first layers of skin and the cells below will become translucent. Imagine th http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/the-symbolism-behind-an-anchor-tattoo-and-anchor-tattoo-design-articleid117631.htm pAnchor tattoos were all the rage for sailors. It was often the symbol of a very experienced sailor. Anchor tattoo designs are one of the oldest types of tattoos. However with an interest in all things retro and chic these have come back into fa http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/think-before-you-ink--you-won-t-regret-it-how-to-get-a-great-tattoo-you-won-t-regret--articleid182282.htm pThis article is really a result of a growing trend that I have witnessed for cover up tattoos. It seems like ever day I see someone looking for a new custom tattoo design to cover up some old in k they had done. Getting rid of an old tattoo that http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/tribal-tattoo-designs--why-are-they-so-popular--articleid112841.htm pTribal tattoos have been practiced for thousands of years. Modern people still get them done for many reasons such as to belong to a modern tribe even if they do it on a subconcious level./ppGetting tattooed was also seen as a rite of passag http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/understand-tattooing-cost-articleid119647.htm pNow I decide to get a tattoo, but how much should I prepare for the budget? is there a reasonable price or is tattoo price regulated?/ppHow much will tattoo cost you? this is a common question. But once again, there is no one straight forward http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/used-body-kits-articleid281176.htm pThink twice before buying a used body kit. Keep in mind that often, kits have to be remolded to fit custom work. It has to be cut or molded to fit your cars dimensions. You have to be very lucky for a used body kit to fit on your car. Used body http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/what-is-too-extreme-for-body-modification--articleid184192.htm pSo what is extreme body modification, or hardcore body modification? There really is no answer for that, as its really up to each person. But assuming were dealing with an average Joe, most people consider hardcore body modification to be lots o http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/what-makes-star-tattoos-so-popular--everything-from-shooting-star-tattoos-to-nautical-star-tattoos-articleid117616.htm pStar tattoos seem to be a pretty old and yet a very popular design. It is one of the most requested custom designs. Why are they so popular and are they over rated? You know there is this on going controversy between the tattoo traditionalists http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/what-to-expect-from-tattoo-removal-articleid266952.htm pFor one reason or another, individuals often decide to have a tattoo removed. Perhaps it depicts a former love that is no longer a part of that persons life or perhaps they just no longer want that specific tattoo on their body. Whatever the re http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/what-you-should-know-about-tattoos-articleid232284.htm pI will try to be as impartial as I can, what is sort of hard I have the tattoo bug.but I do not want to go around telling people what I think is best, getting a tattoo is a serious thing, is something that you will be with you, engraved in your b http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/what-you-should-know-about-temporary-tattoos-articleid201200.htm pWhen it comes to temporary tattoos, what should you know? Though I have no actual tattoos, I have certainly toyed with temporary tattoos many times. They are easy to get and can be a lot of fun to play with. Unlike a real tattoo, you know that you http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/why-get-a-c-ustom-tattoo-design-done-by-a-professional-tattoo-artist--articleid116639.htm pYou might have noticed that in the past year or two that everywhere you go things can now be customized to suit the consumer. For example I was purchasing a sandwich the other day at a local sub shop. They first asked how long, then it was what http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/why-getting-a-custom-tattoo-design-online-is-better-then-at-your-local-tattoo-parlor-articleid120462.htm pWe often get asked by people Why would I want to get a custom tattoo design online instead of at my local tattoo parlor. Many people feel more comfortable at their local parlor and are worried about getting custom tattoo design online. People http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/why-lower-back-tattoos-are-so-popular-for-women-and-some-great-lower-back-tattoo-designs-articleid120533.htm pThere are a few places on a womens body that that are considered very sensual. This of course varies some in different cultures but for many cultures the nape of the neck and the lower back are often considered some of the most sensual areas of http://www.article-knowledge-base.com/why-people-take-tattoo--articleid119642.htm pGetting a Tattoo can be a wonderful and almost mystical experience. A common question: why do we do it? Tattoo is widely considered as means of human beings self-expression. There are many reasons to the question. To summarize, these are the eigh